Data Analysis

Practical guides on data analysis techniques for medical research, including data cleaning, exploratory analysis, data quality assessment, and statistical methods for healthcare datasets.

Sensitivity Analysis

by
A group of barefoot children in worn old-fashioned clothes stands on a stormy beach, holding seashells to their ears as they gaze toward the sea and dramatic rays of sunlight breaking through heavy clouds above crashing waves.

Definition Sensitivity analysis is a collection of techniques that determine how input parameters affect model results. Specifically, it measures how much variation in the results stems from different types of uncertainty. For a model: $Y=f(X_1,X_2,X_3…..X_n)$ examines how Y changes when each X is modified. Sensitivity analysis can be applied across several key areas: predictive models, … Read more

Random Numbers in Python

by
A robed, multi-armed humanoid figure sits behind a stone table in a grand vaulted hall, surrounded by glowing circular symbols and astrological diagrams, creating a mystical, sepia-toned scene with an antique fresco-like atmosphere.

Why do we need random number generation in statistics and data science? Data scientists and statisticians rely on random number generation for several important purposes. They can be used to create data samples, which serves as a foundation for advanced statistical techniques. This includes Bootstrapping methods that involve resampling from existing data to create new … Read more

Programming Paradigms in Python

by
Vintage sepia-toned illustration comparing sequential, functional, and object-oriented programming through three network diagrams above three differently structured trees in an antique educational poster style.

A programming paradigm is the model or approach used to logically organize a program. It defines how different parts of a program interact and work together. A programming paradigm encompasses three key aspects: Paradigms Let’s explore the main types of programming paradigms Imperative Paradigm This paradigm involves giving the computer explicit, step-by-step instructions using variables, … Read more

Character Encoding

by
Elderly bearded man in early 20th-century attire examines a framed tablet covered with archaic symbols inside a worn hospital ward, surrounded by an iron bed, anatomical charts, glass bottles, and antique medical instruments.

Character encoding is the process of assigning a unique number to each character, enabling computers to exchange data in a standardized and unambiguous manner. Various encoding systems have developed over time and across different regions. These systems often lack compatibility, have space limitations (and consequently character limitations), and may use the same encoding for different … Read more

Moments

by
A man in early 20th-century clothing stands beside a monumental hourglass in an old hospital room, surrounded by faded medical symbols, a large clock mural, and an iron bed.

The concept of “moment” has various interpretations depending on context, but generally refers to a unit of time, a specific occasion, or a particular state. In mechanics, a “moment” is the tendency of a force to rotate a body around a point or axis. In other contexts, it can refer to a precise instant in … Read more

How many Sums of Squares we’re dealing with in Repeated Measures ANOVA?

by
A lecturer in formal early 20th-century dress stands on a small stage addressing a seated audience in a historic hall, rendered as a warm sepia-toned painterly illustration with columns, red drapery, and soft antique light.

When setting up a repeated measures ANOVA test in SPSS, the dialog box for the model has “Type 3 sum of squares” selected by default. By exploring the window further, you’ll find that you can also choose multiple sums of squares: Type 1, Type 2, or Type 4. How many types of Sums of Squares … Read more

SQL databases

by
Two impoverished boys kneel in a war-damaged street, placing coins into a piggy bank amid rubble and crumbling buildings, in a warm sepia-toned historical painting style.

In Python data management, SQL databases become essential when dealing with large data volumes. These databases efficiently handle extensive structured data, offering robust features for complex querying, maintaining data integrity, and managing storage effectively. As datasets grow in size and complexity, SQL databases provide the necessary scalability, performance optimization, and data consistency mechanisms crucial for … Read more