Data Analysis

Data analysis methods and techniques for medical research and healthcare data

UNet

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Introduction UNet is a convolutional neural network (CNN) introduced by Olaf Ronneberger in 2015. These specialized neural networks learn to recognize objects in images. When properly trained, they can analyze medical images, detect specific features (such as neoplasms in CT scans), and classify different types of images (such as distinguishing between pneumonia and neoplasms). In … Read more

Sensitivity Analysis

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Definition Sensitivity analysis is a collection of techniques that determine how input parameters affect model results. Specifically, it measures how much variation in the results stems from different types of uncertainty. For a model: $Y=f(X_1,X_2,X_3…..X_n)$ examines how Y changes when each X is modified. Sensitivity analysis can be applied across several key areas: predictive models, … Read more

Random Numbers in Python

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Why do we need random number generation in statistics and data science? Data scientists and statisticians rely on random number generation for several important purposes. They can be used to create data samples, which serves as a foundation for advanced statistical techniques. This includes Bootstrapping methods that involve resampling from existing data to create new … Read more

Character Encoding

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Character encoding is the process of assigning a unique number to each character, enabling computers to exchange data in a standardized and unambiguous manner. Various encoding systems have developed over time and across different regions. These systems often lack compatibility, have space limitations (and consequently character limitations), and may use the same encoding for different … Read more

Moments

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A man in early 20th-century clothing stands beside a monumental hourglass in an old hospital room, surrounded by faded medical symbols, a large clock mural, and an iron bed.

The concept of “moment” has various interpretations depending on context, but generally refers to a unit of time, a specific occasion, or a particular state. In mechanics, a “moment” is the tendency of a force to rotate a body around a point or axis. In other contexts, it can refer to a precise instant in … Read more

How many Sums of Squares we’re dealing with in Repeated Measures ANOVA?

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When setting up a repeated measures ANOVA test in SPSS, the dialog box for the model has “Type 3 sum of squares” selected by default. By exploring the window further, you’ll find that you can also choose multiple sums of squares: Type 1, Type 2, or Type 4. How many types of Sums of Squares … Read more

SQL databases

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In Python data management, SQL databases become essential when dealing with large data volumes. These databases efficiently handle extensive structured data, offering robust features for complex querying, maintaining data integrity, and managing storage effectively. As datasets grow in size and complexity, SQL databases provide the necessary scalability, performance optimization, and data consistency mechanisms crucial for … Read more

Python in Healthcare Data

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Introduction Python has become an increasingly vital tool for analyzing healthcare data. It is a widely used programming language. According to the PYPL (Popularity of Programming Language) index, it ranks as the world’s most popular programming language, commanding a 30.7% market share. By comparison, Java holds 14.89% and JavaScript 7.78% of the market. Python’s success … Read more